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Collection

🌐Cartier- (story) "Cartier: Where History, Art, and Luxury Converge"

<div>Photographic Works and Similar Creations.</div><div> </div><div>Photographic works are protected if the photographer imprints their personal character onto the work, as stipulated in Article 140, paragraph 10 of Law 82 of 2002.</div><div>The copyright protection of photographic works requires innovation, such as choosing camera angles and frame size through appropriate lens selection, and defining certain elements including:</div><div> * Shutter speed</div><div> * Iris</div><div> * Color temperature</div><div> * Focus</div><div> </div><div>A photographer possesses many skills that result in a photographic work enjoying protection.</div><div>Innovation is relative; what was innovative yesterday may not be so today. </div><div> </div><div>In the Latin system, such as in France and Arab countries including Egypt, innovation is attributed to the natural person possessing intellect. This contrasts with the Anglo-Saxon system, which grants this right to the publisher, based on the "sweat of the brow" theory.</div><div> </div><div>A photographer possesses many skills, including "drawing with light," through which they produce a work with originality manifested in the interplay of light and shadow that embodies the subject's personality. This aims to reach the depths of the personality being photographed, according to the photographer's feelings and emotions, to achieve a work bearing their personal character and thus enjoying copyright protection. However, if their role is limited to merely pressing the shutter button to capture the image – meaning if the mechanical aspect outweighs the personal aspect – it is not protected by copyright law. Instead, it is protected by general legal principles that prevent infringement or illegal acts and provide compensation for damages.</div><div> </div><div>Duration of Protection for Photographic Works</div><div> </div><div>The Berne Convention indicates that member countries have the right to determine the term of protection for photographic works to the extent that they are protected as artistic works, provided that the term of protection is not less than twenty-five years from the date of completion of the work.</div><div> These terms are calculated from the first of January of the year following the death of the author or the occurrence of the event.</div><div> </div><div>Despite the differences in the legislation of each country regarding the duration of protection, and as mentioned in the Berne Convention regarding the protection of photographic works, if they possess an innovative character and the author has imprinted their personal touch, they enjoy protection. Similarly, anything that resembles or is analogous to them, such as extracting still images by taking screenshots from any audiovisual work, is addressed. </div><div>For example, Article 1, paragraph 9 of the Moroccan Law 00-2 on Copyright and Neighboring Rights considers these images an integral part of the audiovisual work and not a photographic work.</div><div> </div><div>The use by a photographer of a similar or analogous method to photography, such as images transferred from television, computer, or the internet, and the protection of these similar or analogous works, is conditional on them having a visual impact and possessing innovation through the clear expression of intellectual effort or the personal imprint of the creator.</div><div> </div><div>Infringement of Photographic Works.</div><div> </div><div>Among the rights of the author of a photographic work is the right to take new photographs of any photographed subject, even if these new photographs are taken from the same location and the same angle as previously taken photographs. However, it is not permissible to directly photograph a protected work without the consent of the copyright holder, otherwise it is considered a copyright infringement. The idea of a photograph is not protected unless it is executed, unlike another idea that is protected as soon as the execution plan is drawn up, regardless of whether the plan is completed.</div>

Dr/ Sherif El Banna Chief Photographer Board Member of The SIPA 

 🌐Mostafa Ismail:IP Consultant and Expert_ Article/ Procedures for Trademark Registration in the Arab Republic of Egypt.

<div style="text-align:left;">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Artificial
Intelligence and Intellectual Property Rights Between Technological Revolution
and Legal Challenges.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The world has
witnessed an unprecedented revolution in recent years across various fields,
thanks to the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies. This
revolution has encompassed scientific and administrative aspects, and even
extended to literary and artistic domains. Such immense progress has opened
wide the door to fundamental questions concerning how to protect intellectual
property rights, whether industrial or literary, in light of the growing
capabilities of artificial intelligence in innovation and creation.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Amidst this
technological boom, it has become essential to ask: can this revolution be
controlled and clear legal frameworks legislated to govern the uses of
artificial intelligence and safeguard the rights of creators, or will the gap
widen, making it difficult for humans in the future to control infringements of
intellectual property rights? In either case, there remains an urgent need to
establish national legislations and international agreements that regulate this
rapidly evolving sector.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">First: Industrial
Property Facing Artificial Intelligence

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Patents and trademarks
are among the most prominent components of industrial property, and they have
enjoyed precise legal regulation over the past decades through local and
international legislations. However, artificial intelligence has become a
direct challenge to this system, as it is now capable of developing inventions
and generating ideas that may exceed in complexity what humans create. This
raises legal questions about the eligibility of these innovations for legal
protection, and who owns their rights: the human who developed the algorithm?
Or the system itself?

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Furthermore, the
capabilities of artificial intelligence to generate distinctive marks in terms
of shape, name, or even advertising campaigns threaten to exceed the
traditional standards set by patent offices and trademark protection agencies,
necessitating a re-evaluation of the currently applied controls and standards.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Second: Copyright and
Neighboring Rights Before Automated Creativity

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Copyright was not
immune to this technological revolution. Artificial intelligence is now capable
of composing music, writing texts, and creating artworks in their various
forms, making the question of determining the "true author" a major
point of contention. Is the work created by artificial intelligence the
property of the person who developed the program? Or should the concept of
"author" be redefined in this context?

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">This new reality has
spawned unprecedented legal challenges, particularly in the absence of specific
legislation clarifying how to regulate the relationship between the concerned
parties, whether individuals or legal entities, such as companies, digital platforms,
and others.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">A First Step Towards
Regulation: The European Parliament Initiative

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">In an attempt to keep
pace with technological developments, the European Parliament established the
first legislative framework defining the controls for the use of artificial
intelligence. This marked an important starting point that prompted many countries
to reconsider their laws, either by updating existing legislation or creating
new rules. This global trend has demonstrated the urgent need to regulate
artificial intelligence within clear legal systems that ensure the protection
of civil and criminal rights, and balance innovation with the protection of
human rights and the rights of creators.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Conclusion

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">There is no doubt that
artificial intelligence represents a major cognitive and technological
revolution, but at the same time, it poses complex legal challenges, especially
concerning intellectual property rights. While legislators in various countries
around the world strive to keep pace with this transformation, the need remains
for broad international cooperation to ensure the creation of a delicate
balance between technological development and the protection of intellectual
property rights, which are the foundation of human creativity.
</div>
</div>

🌐 Asem Adel Gad, Lawyer and Arbitrator in Intellectual Property ,Board Member of  The ( SIPA) Artical / Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Rights Between Technological Revolution and Legal Challenges.

<div style="text-align:left;">Legal Protection of Broadcasting Rights for Sporting Events</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Having played a major social role in promoting and supporting loyalty, belonging, and citizenship due to its ability to unite people, and having contributed significantly to culture, sports has expanded its sectors and diversified its activities, which revolve around the holding of sporting events. This has led to the emergence of a set of sports rights that have created a fertile investment environment previously unseen in the sports sector. Consequently, sports has recently become a highly significant industry in most countries worldwide, and this industry requires legal protection.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Sports and Media</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">The close link between sports and media activities is evident. Those wishing to watch sporting events cannot always attend in person at the venue of the competitions. Therefore, the role of media service providers has emerged, enabling the viewing of sporting events through full live coverage or parts thereof via various broadcasting means. Gradually, the broadcasting rights of sporting events have acquired an unprecedented economic dimension due to the substantial profits they generate for the sports bodies that own these broadcasting rights, and consequently for the entire sports sector. Broadcasting rights for sporting events have become increasingly important among the other sports rights arising from the holding of events.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Challenges to the Sustainability of Broadcasting Sporting Events.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">However, the right to sporting events is, in fact, the most threatened of these rights due to the increasing unauthorized broadcasting of sporting events, especially the streaming of these events over networks, and the lack of ability to completely stop its continuation. Unauthorized broadcasting of sporting events poses a significant threat to the sustainability of the audiovisual rights of these events due to the losses incurred by the rights holders, which may lead to a major financial crisis in the sports sector.</div><div style="text-align:left;">Therefore, sports bodies and broadcasting organizations face a significant challenge in a vast battlefield aimed at preserving the financial value of the right to broadcast sporting events by providing legal frameworks and developing technical strategies to protect against unauthorized broadcasting.</div><div style="text-align:left;">It is clear that piracy of sporting events broadcasting has been increasing at a steady and unprecedented rate, threatening investment in the entire sports industry.</div><div style="text-align:left;">There is an urgent and strong need to provide legal protection for the right to broadcast sporting events due to its unique and significant economic value compared to other sports rights.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Activities of Sporting Events.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">The activities of matches and competitions always unfold without pre-prepared scenarios. According to this concept, the protection of events does not include the opening and closing ceremonies of sports tournaments, which are usually limited to performances. Similarly, sports based on shows or dances are not considered events. Rather, events include activities of a competitive nature only.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Forms of Infringements of Broadcasting Rights for Sporting Events.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Infringements of broadcasting rights for events have taken various forms via radio or television waves, which was termed traditional broadcasting or linear broadcasting. However, its concept began to expand with the emergence of the internet in 1992, in addition to the close convergence between communications and broadcasting services, and the emergence of networks capable of transmitting content interactively through wired and wireless communication paths, which were termed modern broadcasting methods. Thus, infringements of the broadcasting rights of these events now include both traditional and non-traditional broadcasting.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Judicial Rulings in Infringements of Broadcasting Rights for Sporting Events.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">When the United States Court of Appeals ruled against a manufacturer and promoter of the "Sportster" pager device, the reason was the infringement of the broadcasting rights of the National Basketball Association (NBA) sporting event. This was due to the device's function of feeding data provided by reporters watching the games on television or listening to them on the radio. They then broadcasted highlights of the game, and the updating, transmission, analysis, and formatting of information continued for rebroadcasting. The information was then sent back to a joint telecommunications company for broadcasting via industrial satellites to various local FM radio networks.</div><div style="text-align:left;">Accordingly, the NBA took legal action against the company, and the Court of Appeals ruled that what had occurred constituted a violation of intellectual property laws and related international agreements.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Similarly, the Egyptian Economic Court convicted an advertising company that broadcasted an excerpt from a World Cup match, even though the excerpt did not exceed thirty seconds. However, the court ruled in favor of compensation for the company that owned the broadcasting rights for the matches.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Legal Protection of Sporting Events.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">Various approaches have been taken regarding the legal basis from which the protection of broadcasting sporting events is derived, but ultimately, it has been established that its legal basis is the legal protection granted to broadcasting organizations. Sports bodies, including clubs and federations, are the entities that enjoy these rights and have the right to grant broadcasting licenses to other entities, which may be television channels or electronic websites. Intellectual property laws and related international agreements play an important role in providing this protection.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> * Rome Convention of 1961 on the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations:</div><div style="text-align:left;">   This convention is the first international instrument to recognize the rights of broadcasting organizations. Article 13 of the Convention defined the rights of broadcasting organizations regarding the prohibition of rebroadcasting their programs, fixing them, or reproducing fixations of their programs without their consent, or reproducing fixations except as provided for in permissible exceptions. It also grants the right to authorize or prohibit the communication to the public of their television programs if such communication is made in places accessible to the public against payment of an entrance fee.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;"> * Brussels Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite of 1974:</div><div style="text-align:left;">   The Brussels Convention of 1974, also known as the Satellite Convention, aims to protect program-carrying signals transmitted by satellite. This Convention included a definition of a program-carrying signal emitted for the purpose of ultimate distribution of the program. The most important feature of this Convention is Article 2, which imposes an obligation on member states to take adequate measures to prevent the distribution of a satellite signal.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;"> * Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) of 1994:</div><div style="text-align:left;">   Paragraph 3 of Article 14 of the Agreement stipulates the right of fixation, reproduction, and rebroadcasting, as well as the right to communication to the public of television broadcasts. However, the latter part of the same paragraph gave member states the option to grant rights to broadcasting organizations or copyright holders in light of the provisions of the Berne Convention of 1886 for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, on the basis that these rights are derived from the authorization of making copies of recordings and rebroadcasting by wireless means and transmitting them by television.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">It is also worth mentioning the draft convention of the World Intellectual Property Organization (Broadcasting Treaty), where the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights aims to adequately protect broadcasting organizations against the piracy of broadcasting signals.</div><div style="text-align:left;"> </div><div style="text-align:left;">In conclusion, the activities of sporting events enjoy broad legal protection based on intellectual property laws and related international agreements. This provides the legal basis for the owners of broadcasting rights for sporting events, whether international sports bodies, national federations, or sports clubs, in addition to protecting licensed channels and websites that broadcast these events and claiming very significant compensation in favor of the broadcasting rights holders to match the unique economic value of the broadcasting rights of sporting events.</div>

🌐Dr. Amira Nayel El-Shenawy PhD in Civil Law, Beni Suef University Chair of the Association's Scientific Committee

🌐Salah Fayez Hashem :Branding & Visual Identity Consultant | IP Expert | International Trainer.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Protecting
Fashion and Textile Designs with Intellectual Property Laws

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The fashion industry
is one of the most influential creative industries in the contemporary world,
representing a link between art and function, and combining traditional
craftsmanship with technological innovation. Fashion designs are more than just
fabrics and threads transformed into attractive products that can be worn; they
are also products that reflect the cultural and social orientations of fashion
designers towards producing designs that express their vision or experience in
each era. As a form of art and creativity, fashion designs require legal
protection that ensures the rights of designers and creators and prevents the
unauthorized exploitation of their ideas and designs, especially with the
significant development that the fashion industry is witnessing globally and
the ease of dissemination of this industry.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Challenges Facing
the Fashion Industry

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The fashion industry
faces several legal challenges that make it more vulnerable to copying and
counterfeiting, especially in light of globalization and the development of
media, which has made it easy to transfer information and data. Anyone can
obtain fashion designs and imitate them without obtaining permission from the
original designer. This exposes designers to the risk of commercial
exploitation of their ideas without any compensation or benefit, negatively
impacting the creative environment and limiting the growth of the fashion
industry.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Protecting Fashion and
Textile Designs

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Protecting fashion and
textile designs is a crucial element in supporting designers and enabling them
to benefit from their creative efforts. To ensure the protection of fashion
designs, intellectual property laws provide protection for fashion designers
and textile designers, preserving their creative efforts through various legal
tools. The form of protection varies depending on the nature of the design, its
creativity, and its distinctiveness.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">*Protection of Fashion
Designs through Industrial Designs*

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">This type of
protection is one of the most suitable means of protecting fashion designs, as
it focuses on protecting the external visual appearance of a product, including
lines, colors, ornaments, size, texture, packaging, and two-dimensional and
three-dimensional shapes, and all other elements. Protecting fashion designs
through industrial designs grants the owner exclusive rights to exploit them
for a period ranging from ten to twenty-five years, depending on the country.
During this period, the designer can commercially exploit their designs and
prevent others from copying or imitating them without obtaining permission.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">*Protection of Fashion
Designs through Copyright*

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Protecting fashion
designs through copyright protects the artistic form of clothing designs,
handbags, fabric patterns, unique ornaments, or drawn designs, or some sculpted
elements that are part of the product if they bear an original creative
character. This type of protection extends throughout the designer's lifetime
and for at least fifty years after their death. However, this protection is
limited to the artistic details of the creation and does not extend to the
general idea of the design.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">*Protection of Fashion
Designs through Trademarks*

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Trademarks play a
significant role in protecting and establishing a distinctive identity for
designers and fashion houses. Symbols associated with fashion, such as
distinctive trade names, logos, and images that indicate the source of fashion
and textiles, are protected because they link the product to the public,
ensuring that consumers recognize the fashion bearing the trademark as
trustworthy in terms of quality and authenticity.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">*Protection of Fashion
Designs through Patents*

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Protecting fashion
designs through patents represents another legal tool for protecting technical
innovations in the fashion field. However, patents do not provide protection
for the external appearance of a product but are limited to protecting technical
innovations, such as new knitting methods or the invention of smart wearable
fabrics. Although patents provide a form of protection, they are not a
comprehensive tool for protecting fashion designs as a whole, as they focus
only on technical innovations.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Challenges and
Limitations

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Despite the existence
of various legal tools for protecting fashion designs, the fashion industry
faces significant challenges related to design protection. One of the most
prominent challenges is counterfeiting, which negatively impacts creativity and
innovation. Many fashion designs are illegally copied without any compensation
or recognition of the rights of their owners, which may limit the development
of the industry. Additionally, the short lifecycle of fashion designs poses a
challenge for some fashion designers, especially emerging designers, in
registering their designs due to the lengthy process required for registering
intellectual property rights.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">However, the biggest
challenge remains, and it does not only lie in the necessity of enacting
legislations or laws, but rather in how to activate and develop them to be more
capable of keeping pace with the nature of the fashion industry, which is
characterized by continuous change and development. Furthermore, raising
awareness and providing legal support among designers themselves, especially
small designers, to understand the available legal rights and avoid falling
into loopholes that others may exploit, is crucial. This can be achieved
through training platforms that work on spreading the culture of intellectual
property and raising awareness of the importance of protecting it to ensure the
continuity of creativity and the development of the fashion industry as a vital
artistic sector that contributes to economic growth and enhances the country's
standing.

🌐Dr. Ahmed Maher Refaey : Chairman of SIPA (Artical ) Protecting Fashion and Textile Designs with Intellectual Property Laws

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Blockchain
and Copyright Protection

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The emergence of
blockchain technology dates back to 2008 when a research paper titled
"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" was published by an
individual or group of individuals under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. This
paper described a system for verifying financial transactions without the need
for intermediaries like banks. The Bitcoin network was launched in January
2009, utilizing blockchain technology to record financial transactions in a
public ledger called a blockchain, which consists of blocks of data containing
information about the transactions.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"># The Evolution of
Blockchain Technology

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Following the launch
of Bitcoin, blockchain technology began to evolve and improve, and it has been
applied to various fields beyond finance, including copyright protection. In
the digital age, protecting copyright has become a significant challenge, as intellectual
works can be easily copied and disseminated, leading to copyright infringement.
Blockchain technology has emerged as a solution to this problem, providing a
secure and transparent way to record transactions and verify the authenticity
of intellectual works.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"># How Blockchain
Technology Protects Copyright

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Blockchain technology
protects copyright by:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Identifying the
origin of a work*: Blockchain technology can be used to record the creation and
ownership of a work, providing a permanent and tamper-proof record of its
origin.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Authenticating the
source*: The technology can be used to verify the authenticity of a work,
ensuring that it has not been tampered with or altered in any way.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Registering and
managing copyright*: Blockchain technology can be used to register and manage
copyright, providing a secure and transparent way to record ownership and
permissions.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Monitoring and
tracking copyright infringement*: The technology can be used to monitor and
track copyright infringement, making it easier to identify and address
instances of infringement.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Providing proof of
use*: Blockchain technology can be used to provide proof of use, demonstrating
that a work has been used or distributed in a particular way.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"># The Benefits of
Using Blockchain Technology for Copyright Protection

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The use of blockchain
technology for copyright protection offers several benefits, including:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Security*:
Blockchain technology provides a secure way to record transactions and verify
the authenticity of intellectual works.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Transparency*: The
technology provides a transparent way to record transactions, making it easier
to track the ownership and use of intellectual works.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Efficiency*:
Blockchain technology can automate many aspects of copyright management, making
it easier to register, manage, and enforce copyright.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">-
*Cost-effectiveness*: The technology can reduce the costs associated with
copyright management, making it more accessible to creators and rights holders.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"># Examples of
Blockchain Technology in Copyright Protection

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Several organizations
have begun to explore the use of blockchain technology for copyright
protection, including:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *SACEM*: The French
Society of Authors, Composers, and Publishers (SACEM) has developed a
blockchain-based system for managing copyright and royalties.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *ASCAP*: The
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) has partnered
with SACEM to develop a blockchain-based system for managing copyright and
royalties.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"># Challenges and
Limitations

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">While blockchain
technology offers several benefits for copyright protection, there are also
challenges and limitations to consider, including:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Scalability*:
Blockchain technology is still in its early stages, and it may not be scalable
to meet the needs of large-scale copyright management.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Regulation*: The
use of blockchain technology for copyright protection is still largely
unregulated, and there may be legal and regulatory challenges to consider.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- *Adoption*: The
adoption of blockchain technology for copyright protection may be limited by
the need for widespread adoption and the development of industry standards.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"># Conclusion

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Blockchain technology
has the potential to revolutionize copyright protection by providing a secure,
transparent, and efficient way to record transactions and verify the
authenticity of intellectual works. While there are challenges and limitations
to consider, the benefits of using blockchain technology for copyright
protection are significant, and it is likely that we will see increased
adoption of this technology in the coming years.

🌐Dr /Marsil Youssef lamee :(Article)  IP PhD  FROM NIIP & Board Member of SIPA 

Franchising
Contracts: A Tool for Multinational Corporations to Expand Globally

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">In the era of economic
globalization and the expansion of corporate activities across borders,
franchising contracts have become one of the most important legal and
commercial tools relied upon by multinational corporations to enhance their
presence in global markets. The franchising contract is considered a relatively
modern contract, having clearly emerged in the second half of the 20th century,
and its importance has increased with the emergence of the World Trade
Organization and the increase in the freedom of movement of goods and services
across countries.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Historical
Development of Franchising Contracts

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Although modern
franchising contracts are a relatively recent legal and economic phenomenon,
their roots date back centuries. Early forms of these contracts appeared in the
Middle Ages, where nobles in Europe granted rights to exploit land or collect
taxes in exchange for financial returns.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Legal Concept of a
Franchising Contract

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">A franchising contract
can be defined as a contract concluded between two legally independent parties
(the franchisor and the franchisee), whereby the franchisor grants the
franchisee the right to exploit the trademark, technical know-how, and business
method, in exchange for the franchisee's commitment to pay a financial fee and
comply with the conditions set by the franchisor.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Basic Elements of
a Franchising Contract

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">A franchising contract
consists of several basic elements that distinguish it from other contracts,
including:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Trademark and trade
name

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Transfer of
technical and administrative know-how

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Legal and financial
independence

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Financial
consideration

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Ongoing supervision

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Importance of
Franchising Contracts in International Corporate Activities

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Franchising contracts
play a pivotal role in the expansion of corporations across borders, for
several reasons, including:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Rapid expansion with
reduced risks

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Utilizing local
knowledge

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Enhancing the brand
globally

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Achieving
sustainable financial returns

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Legal and Economic
Challenges of International Franchising Contracts

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Despite the many
benefits of franchising contracts, they face some challenges, especially in the
international context, including:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Legal differences
between countries

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Difficulty in
controlling quality

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Competition with
former franchisees

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Conclusion

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Franchising contracts
are an effective tool for corporations seeking to expand globally, offering
many benefits such as reducing costs, utilizing local expertise, and enhancing
the brand. However, the success of these contracts requires establishing a clear
legal framework, selecting competent franchisees, and ensuring effective
quality control.

🌐Dr. Mohamed AlQourany (Article) Intellectual property expert Board Member ( SIPA ) & Cassation lawyer

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Settling
Intellectual Property Disputes through Mediation according to the Provisions of
the Singapore Convention 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The laws of all
countries have recognized the right of every individual to resort to the
judiciary in civil courts, considering it a general principle in all public
disputes, except for those specifically excluded. This is because the courts of
countries are constitutionally the official bodies responsible for adjudicating
disputes arising between individuals or institutions, by protecting the rights
and legal positions of individuals based on a court decision or order after
studying the facts and applying the applicable legal rule to the case
presented.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">However, with the
increasing number of lawsuits and the slowness and complexity of litigation
procedures, which sometimes deny justice, individuals have turned to
alternative means of dispute resolution that help alleviate the burden on state
courts and reach a satisfactory outcome for all parties.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The growth of
international transactions has multiplied the number of disputes arising from
international contracts concluded between parties across borders, especially in
the field of intellectual property. Intellectual property rights have become
wealth possessed by countries and individuals. With the increase in trade
movement, globalization, and technological development in concluding contracts
over the internet, and the resulting legal positions that may be disputed upon
implementation, parties to contracts have resorted to ordinary judiciary,
leading to an accumulation and increase in disputes before the judiciary and
delays in adjudicating them due to lengthy and complex procedures and the
tactics of disputants in delaying adjudication.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">This has led foreign
countries to adopt alternative means of dispute resolution, particularly in the
field of intellectual property. One of these means is mediation, which frees
disputants from the formal procedures accompanying litigation before state courts.
Mediation is an alternative means of dispute resolution, especially in the
field of intellectual property, which usually attracts foreign investors from
countries that care greatly about investing in countries that follow simple
procedures in resolving intellectual property disputes.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The use of the term
"alternative means" by countries in the modern era is not entirely
accurate. Alternative means, such as mediation, have existed since ancient
times, long before the establishment of formal courts. However, countries'
reliance on the judiciary to adjudicate disputes between disputants for an
extended period until the modern era, and the increasing accumulation of
pending cases in courts and their rising costs, have led countries to revert to
traditional means of dispute resolution, adopting them as alternative means
that are faster and less costly.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The United Nations
Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) adopted the Singapore
Convention on Mediation, which provides a legal framework for the enforcement
of settlement agreements resulting from international commercial mediation. The
Convention was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 20,
2018. The Convention aims to provide a uniform legal framework for the
enforcement of international settlement agreements resulting from mediation,
facilitating the resolution of commercial disputes arising from international
transactions.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Convention is
based on the benefits of mediation as an alternative means of dispute
resolution, recognizing that mediation provides an effective and efficient
means of resolving commercial disputes, saving time and costs for businesses
and countries. The Convention allows parties to shape the mediation process to
suit their needs, preserving business relationships.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Singapore
Convention is modeled after the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement
of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 1958), which provides a common
legislative standard for the recognition and enforcement of arbitration
agreements and foreign arbitral awards. The Singapore Convention aims to
achieve the same for mediation settlement agreements, providing a uniform
framework for their enforcement.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">To facilitate the use
of mediation by countries under the Singapore Convention, UNCITRAL issued a
Model Law on International Commercial Mediation and International Settlement
Agreements Resulting from Mediation (2018), which can be adopted as a standalone
law or as a law implementing the Singapore Convention. The Model Law aims to
strike a balance between protecting the integrity of the mediation process and
providing maximum flexibility in the mediation process, while maintaining the
independence of the disputing parties.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The primary purpose of
enacting mediation laws is to balance the protection of the mediation process's
integrity with the need to provide maximum flexibility in the mediation
process. This includes provisions to facilitate resorting to mediation, establishing
institutions or organizations concerned with mediation, appointing mediators,
and protecting the confidentiality of commercial transactions between disputing
parties.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">In conclusion, the
Singapore Convention on Mediation provides a uniform legal framework for the
enforcement of settlement agreements resulting from international commercial
mediation, facilitating the resolution of commercial disputes arising from
international transactions. The Convention aims to provide a common legislative
standard for the recognition and enforcement of mediation settlement
agreements, similar to the New York Convention on arbitration awards.

 🌐Dr.Emad al hadidy Settling Intellectual Property Disputes through Mediation according to the Provisions of the Singapore Convention 

<div style="text-align:left;">
Toward Excellence in Business Analysis: A Strategic Imperative for
Modern Organizations

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> In today's
hypercompetitive global marketplace, organizations across all sectors are
recognizing business analysis as a critical differentiator between market
leadership and obsolescence, As the digital transformation era has accelerated
this realization, with 78% of executives in a 2023 McKinsey survey identifying
business process optimization as their top operational priority.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Organizations are
becoming increasingly conscious of the importance of their integral management
processes. This is due to the intense competition in a global market where only
the best leading companies in different industries can survive in the long term.‎1

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The term Business
analysis represent all roles that are responsible for performing business
analysis activities a cross industries or within organization to meet business
requirements which represented in reasons or opportunities that answer business
requirements, 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Business Process
Analysis - Short History, Michael Hammer (1990) – article in Harvard Business
Review: “the major challenge for managers is to obliterate non-value adding
work, rather than using technology for automating it”, Similar ideas advocated
by Thomas Davenport and J. Short (1990). By 1993, as many as 65% of the Fortune
500 companies claimed to either have initiated reengineering efforts, or to
have plans to do so.  Trend fueled by the fast adoption of business
professional analysist by the consulting industry and by the study Made in
America, conducted by MIT, that showed how companies in many US industries had
lagged behind their foreign counterparts in terms of competitiveness,
time-to-market, conducted by MIT, that showed how companies in many US
industries had lagged behind their foreign counterparts in terms of
competitiveness, time-to-market and productivity.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Business requirements
are used to provide a context and direction for any business solution addressed
by the business analysis, such directions are accompanied by different business
activities to reach its main objective which is maximizing stockholders’ wealth
by generating future cash flows or increase their assets value by time.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Business analysis
4-step plan: 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Identify The
Process 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The first step is to
choose the ‘as-is’ process to be analyzed and identify the shareholders who
handle it. Be sure to have a clear starting and stopping point for the
process. 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Collect Process
Information 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Next, gather as much
information about the process as possible to understand the issues it faces,
the objectives, the scope of improvement, and other goals of the
analysis. 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> Analyze “As-Is”
Process

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Implement a business
process analysis plan. Get to the bottom of the identified process, define the
process in flowcharts and other diagrams, and measure its effectiveness. 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Develop “To-Be”
Plan 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">It is better to know
that A process is not equal to procedures as process consists of functions,
activities and tasks your organization must perform to fulfill its mission.
What are you in the business of doing?  While procedure refers to
documented instructions used by your personnel to perform the actions required
to operate your business processes. How do I do it?

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">This takes us to the
business analysis solution (product) that might be one or more solution, these
deliverables can take many forms, including reports, models, plans, and
recommendations. They provide tangible evidence of the value created by the
business analysis process and serve as a basis for decision-making and action.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">business analysis,
deliverables serve as both the compass and the yardstick - guiding
implementation while measuring success. The most impactful deliverables
consistently demonstrate three fundamental characteristics:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Actionable – Clear
implementation guidance that answers what and why questions

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Measurable –
Quantified success metrics that objectively demonstrate value creation.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Stakeholder-Aligned –
Addresses diverse user needs of all impacted parties through tailored
communication.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The importance of
deliverables cannot be overstated but provide a clear and measurable way to
assess the effectiveness of business analysis activities and ensure that the
solutions developed align with the needs and expectations of stakeholders.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">For each industry
there are hundreds of business analysis techniques that are tailored for each
solution according to the industry, business size , product life cycle and the
market macro and micro economic conditions, some techniques are commonly used by
discipline  with in the organizations, or some might be used for the same
product life cycle but in different organizations.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">That’s why we use
deliverables as Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for successful business
analysis technique where the term deliverables is a broader meaning for all
objectives and goals requirements from any successful business analysis
activity.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">It's important to note
that KPIs for business analysis assessments can vary based on the organization,
the specific goals of the analysis, and the nature of the projects being
undertaken. Business analysts should consider a comprehensive set of KPIs to accurately
measure the success and impact of their work.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">As the business
environment grows increasingly volatile, the organizations that will thrive are
those that institutionalize business analysis as a core competency rather than
treating it as a periodic initiative. The future belongs to the analytically mature
- those who can transform operational data into strategic insight, and
strategic insight into market leadership.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The question isn’t
whether your organization can afford to invest in business analysis—it’s
whether you can afford not to 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">1.(PDF) The Evolution
of Business Process Management: A Bibliometric Analysis. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350148761_The_Evolution_of_Business_Process_Management_A_Bibliometric_Analysis
[accessed Apr 01 2025].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 12pt 4.5pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 
</div>

 🌐 Ibrahim El Sihamy (Article) : Assistant  General Manager for investment and finance DBA, MBA, PMP, PBA, CCC

<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">
<div style="text-align:left;"> </div>
<div style="text-align:left;">
The Grand Egyptian Museum is the largest
cultural project of the modern era, aiming to showcase ancient Egyptian
heritage in modern and innovative ways. It's not just a museum, but a global
icon that embodies the history of Egyptian civilization in a sophisticated and
awe-inspiring way. 
</div>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Concept and Establishment

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The idea of establishing the Grand Egyptian Museum
began in the 1990s, with the goal of creating a world-class museum worthy of
Egyptian civilization. In 2002, the foundation stone was laid at a strategic
site near the Pyramids of Giza, providing a stunning view of one of the Seven
Wonders of the Ancient World. To achieve a distinctive architectural design, an
international competition was held, under the auspices of UNESCO and the
International Union of Architects. The Irish firm "Heneghan Peng" won
the competition with a design inspired by the sun's rays extending from the
pyramids' peaks, meeting in a majestic architectural form that reflects the
grandeur of Egyptian history.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Location and Size

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The museum is located just a few kilometers from
Cairo, stretching over an enormous area of approximately 500,000 square meters,
making it one of the largest museums in the world. It aims to receive around 5
million visitors annually and houses over 100,000 artifacts, most notably the
complete collection of King Tutankhamun, which will be displayed in its
entirety for the first time.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Challenges and Funding

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The project faced political and economic challenges
that delayed its opening, but the Egyptian government continued to implement
the project with the support of the Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA), which provided favorable loans to support funding. In December 2023,
the museum's trial operation began with the opening of the Grand Staircase and
the Tutankhamun exhibition. Finally, in July 2025, the museum will fully open,
becoming the largest museum in the world dedicated to a single civilization.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Design and Facilities

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The museum is not only an archaeological monument but
also a modern architectural masterpiece that combines modernity and history.
Its notable features include:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- A massive glass façade that directly overlooks the
pyramids, connecting the past and present.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Green spaces and museum gardens planted with plant
species known to the ancient Egyptians.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- A children's museum and educational center that
present history in an enjoyable and interactive way for new generations.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Large exhibition halls that house statues, mummies,
and artifacts at a global exhibition level.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- A conference center, cinema, and commercial areas
that include international and local shops and restaurants.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Key Exhibits

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The museum specializes in showcasing ancient Egyptian
civilization from prehistoric times to the Roman era. Some of its treasures
include:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- The complete collection of King Tutankhamun,
displayed in its entirety for the first time.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Large statues of symbols of Egyptian civilization.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Well-preserved pharaonic mummies using the latest
technologies.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Rare pharaonic papyri and artifacts.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">Technology in the Service of History

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The museum is not just a place to display artifacts,
but an interactive experience that relies on the latest technologies:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Virtual Reality (VR): allows you to live moments
from history, such as seeing King Khufu on the banks of the Nile.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Augmented Reality (AR): displays archaeological
information in a digitally advanced way, such as showing details of the
20-meter-long papyrus of Iuya.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Artificial Intelligence (AI): makes some statues
"talk" and respond to visitors' questions!

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Holograms: display Tutankhamun's treasures,
including the famous golden mask, in an interactive and dazzling way.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">- Interactive screens: display detailed information
about the artifacts, making the educational experience enjoyable and easy.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"> 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0in;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">The Grand Egyptian Museum is a symbol of the Egyptian
government's efforts to preserve its cultural and historical heritage and
present it to the world in a manner worthy of the grandeur of ancient Egyptian
civilization. With the official opening date set for July 3, 2025, the museum
is preparing to be a global cultural icon that combines the essence of history
with the latest technologies, making it an essential destination for fans of
Egyptian civilization from around the world.
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🌐 The-Grand-Egyptian-Museum-GEM- :A Global Icon Documenting Pharaonic Civilization

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